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关于小部件,已讨论过多次,由于特别重要,总结一下W的认识。) N1 ~0 r, A; w9 G6 A, h
4 r8 f# `/ Y4 N; M6 |3岁以下小孩往往由于手眼协调能力尚未发展成熟,常常借“口”来探索世界,就有了拿到东西往口里送的习惯;在这个年龄段,咳嗽能力亦尚未发育成熟,或者甚至不懂得去移取。所以,一般来说,只要能容入小圆筒的小部件,都有致使窒息的可能。
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8 D e& ?8 D. m9 I- \一些传统型的玩具,注意是传统型的,或者是基于市场或其他原因,如 balloons, articles made of paper, writing materials such as crayons and chalk, modeling clay, and finger paints, watercolors and other paint sets,由于在使用和滥用中不可能不产生小部件,或者说在使用中如 crayons mouthed by children 就会产生小部件,基于这些原因豁免上述物品小部件要求;Pieces of paper, fabric, yarn, fuzz, elastic, and string则是因为它们不大可能引起窒息;Children's clothing and accessories such as shoe lace holders, diaper pins, and barrettes 则因为它们要做得这么小才能满足预期目的,这大体算是功能性尖点利边外的“功能性小部件”之说。对豁免小部件要求的物品范围,W认为法无明文规定豁免的则不能豁免。0 @8 C! `. J/ i( V- ]
8 o7 W- v# X q j5 i对于Hazard,在表述上,与小部件关联的并不限于choking hazrd,还包括 inhalation, swallowing, ingestion, suffocation & asphyxiation 等等,即不限于透不过气来那种,还包括吸入和吞咽等而导致的死亡和受伤;W之前还说过吸入到肺里不能循环而只能通过手术移取的情形。需要强调的是,对美国而言,如果3到6岁含有小部件而缺少statutory choke hazard warning,也应定义为有choking hazard.
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如果3岁以下含有非豁免的小部件,则是明令禁止的,它不同于尖点利边,不能 hazard review,或者说那是委员会的事情。可见,“危险小部件”的表述也是不够严谨准确的,不应区分危险还是不危险的小部件,只要是小部件都应 fail.
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G4 c6 i B. a4 e对于lz的问题,能容入小圆筒的即是小部件,至于是否豁免,en71 如是说, Filling materials from which pieces can be bitten or torn off include, for example, plastic foam but exclude paper, fabric, elastics, yarn, strings and fuzz. .
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By the way, polystyrene beads can be particularly hazardous as young children might inhale them.
1 O! I- b3 b& Y' e7 f0 sDecorations, like glitter, sequins or jewellery, on handbags, purses and outer fashion accessories should be firmly attached.- v' ?" p9 U+ C0 L
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