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ASTM F963:
# v7 {6 e5 N& T3.1.53 projection, hazardous—a projection that, because of its material or configuration, or both, may present a puncture8 X% h. V% n7 n0 B" e6 D
hazard if a child should fall onto it. Excluded from this definition are puncture hazards to the eyes or mouth, or both, because of the impossibility of eliminating puncture hazards to those areas of the body by product design.6 K0 }# a9 M# D# F2 B0 S# j( _4 f
6 C5 f/ h0 W' M, p& b3 w+ X& ~4.8 Projections—This requirement relates to potentially hazardous projections in toys intended for use by children under 8 years of age. This requirement is intended to minimize possible puncture hazards to the skin that might be caused should a child fall on a rigid projection, such as unprotected ends of axles, actuating levers, and decorative features. Due to the extremely sensitive nature of the eyes and interior of the mouth, this requirement will not, nor is it intended to, provide protection to those areas of the body. If a projection appears to present a potential skin puncture hazard, the projection shall be protected by suitable means, such as by turning back the end of a wire or by affixing a smoothly finished protective cap or cover, which effectively increases the surface area for potential contact with the skin. The toy shall meet this requirement both before and after testing in accordance with 8.5-8.10. Toys intended to be repeatedly assembled and taken apart shall have the individual pieces and fully assembled articles, as shown on packaging graphics, instructions or other advertising, evaluated separately. The requirements for the assembled toy do not apply to toys where the assembling makes up a significant part of the play value of the toy. Since this requirement relates to hazards arising from a child falling onto a toy, only vertical or nearly vertical projections are required to be evaluated. The toy shall be tested in its most onerous position. Corners of structures do not fall under this category.
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EN71:
+ I, ]/ J/ Q7 M& {# C4.9 Protruding parts (see A.10)1 W1 R4 @" T9 j0 b$ g9 _# x
Tubes and rigid components in the form of projections which constitute a puncture hazard to a child shall be protected. This protection shall not be removed when tested according to 8.4.2.3 (tension test, protective components).
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A.10 Protruding parts (see 4.9)
4 q# F! b# E; L' ZThese requirements are intended to address the hazards associated with the users of toys falling on projections or rigid components on toys (e.g. toy bicycle handle bars, levers on go-carts, pram frames) possibly causing bruising or skin puncture. Such protruding parts should be protected. The size and shape of the end protection has not been stipulated, except for toy scooters, but the end protection should be given a sufficiently large surface area to avoid puncturing of the body. Since the requirement concerns hazards arising from a child falling on to a toy, it follows that this requirement relates only to vertical or nearly vertical projections. The toy is tested in its most onerous position. If the projection is on a small toy which topples over when pressure is applied to the end of the projection, it is unlikely to be hazardous.4 X. v6 L9 f( h1 q# d- H% R
其实两个标准的理解应该是可以统一的，均是指出儿童倒在突出物上时候刺穿皮肤的危险。同样都讲到末端要有保护，或加大末端面积以及突出物要“近似垂直、不易倾倒”等
7 b+ M9 R7 H( {0 \& r8 D- k但在ASTM F963在定义里面，特别说明了一下由于眼睛等敏感部位的脆弱性，这些部位不能说明是否有刺穿危险。
1 ^; l: C/ l. U# s3 _ A9 @) b拿楼主的例子来说，楼主的这个突出物，儿童的其他部位倒在上面，不会产生伤害，因此是合格的。但是如果说眼睛恰好撞到上面而产生伤害了，而判定突出物不合格，这是不合理的，原因是眼睛这部位太脆弱了，无论碰到什么硬物，都会产生伤害。 |
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发表于 2009-7-18 11:08
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